This chapter familiarizes the carpenter with the design and construction of various types of forms.
Concrete retaining wall form design.
Despite the many references a single volume on retaining wall design for the professional practitioner and civil engineering student could not be found.
Numerous textbooks and technical papers on soil mechanics foundation engineering concrete design masonry design and in all sorts of related topics.
To determine the lateral earth pressure several soil parameters must be known in order for a qualified engineer to assess a particular wall design and its overall.
For example if you are pouring a retaining wall that will be 12 inches thick and will use wooden planks that are 1 1 2 inches thick for your forms you ll need to space the stakes about 15 inches apart 12 inches for the retaining wall plus two pieces of 1 1 2 inch thick wooden board.
B short retaining walls vertical walls up to about 3m in height are usually built as shown in figure 1 b.
These consists of a concrete or masonry wall of uniform thickness vertical wall reinforcing and transverse footing reinforcing are all designed for the lateral shear and cantilever bending movement plus the vertical weights of the wall footing and earth fills.
Removable concrete forms can create a vertical concrete retaining wall with almost any shape desired.
Form design forms for concrete must be tight rigid and strong.
Large walls and special situations require design by a professional engineer.
If forms are not tight loss of concrete may cause a.
Example concrete wall form design problem showing the design of spacing capacity for studs wales and ties.
The wall itself is a cantilever beam slab that is considered per metre length.
The counterfort acts like a cantilevering beam and the retaining wall is a continuous slab supported by the counterforts.
Poured concrete retaining walls can also be decorative and reproduce the look of stone or masonry.
In this photo increte contractors installed a poured in place decorative concrete wall system called stone crete that creates deep relief stone walls with a variety of available textures and colors.
Stone crete is used for sound barrier walls retaining walls subdivision entry walls or wherever.
Spacings are chosen based on closest multiple o.
If the form is constructed incorrectly the concrete can blow out the form breaking it apart and creating an enormous mess while wasting much of your money.
Forms protect the concrete assist in curing it and support any reinforcing rods or conduits embedded in the concrete.